Public Law 119-21 · H.R. 1

One Big Beautiful Bill Act: what this law changes in taxes

This law amends federal tax law in 321 places, in 108 sections of the law.

Confirmed from the official record

Go to the page of One Big Beautiful Bill Act

Each provision, in the law’s order

Each provision below is one sentence of the law that says a part of a federal tax law is amended or repealed. The words are the law’s own. The tax type comes from the number of the Code section the sentence names.

Official estimate, and an estimate of your own

Official estimate: Joint Committee on Taxation

Confirmed from the official record

The Joint Committee on Taxation is the tax staff of Congress. It published this table for the tax provisions of this law. Amounts are in billions of dollars for one calendar year. “Proposal” is the committee’s word for those provisions.

Calendar year 2027. Measured against the present law baseline.
Income categoryChange in federal taxes, billionsChange, percentAverage tax rate, present lawAverage tax rate, proposal
Less than $15,000$0.59.3%4.0%4.4%
$15,000 to $30,000-$3.5-21.5%2.9%2.3%
$30,000 to $40,000-$6.4-15.8%6.6%5.6%
$40,000 to $50,000-$9.0-14.5%9.0%7.7%
$50,000 to $60,000-$11.8-13.2%11.3%9.8%
$60,000 to $80,000-$27.0-12.0%13.1%11.5%
$80,000 to $100,000-$28.8-11.5%15.4%13.7%
$100,000 to $150,000-$65.5-10.7%17.3%15.5%
$150,000 to $200,000-$58.2-10.7%19.8%17.6%
$200,000 to $500,000-$150.8-9.8%24.1%21.8%
$500,000 to $1,000,000-$72.8-12.3%29.8%26.1%
$1,000,000 and Above-$114.0-10.1%31.1%27.8%
Total, All Taxpayers-$547.4-10.7%20.9%18.7%

A negative number is a tax cut for that income category as a whole. The table gives no amount for one household. The committee’s footnotes say what counts as income and as federal taxes. They are in the file.

Joint Committee on Taxation, JCX-37-25, July 29, 2025: Distribution of the estimated revenue effects relative to the present law baseline of the tax provisions in Public Law 119-21. See its official page · Open our saved copy · Saved October 8, 2026 · Fingerprint d4b6df30545ba2b0

Show 2029, 2031 and 2033
Calendar year 2029. Measured against the present law baseline.
Income categoryChange in federal taxes, billionsChange, percentAverage tax rate, present lawAverage tax rate, proposal
Less than $15,000$2.042.2%3.3%4.7%
$15,000 to $30,000$0.31.6%3.1%3.2%
$30,000 to $40,000-$3.6-8.2%6.6%6.1%
$40,000 to $50,000-$6.0-8.8%9.1%8.3%
$50,000 to $60,000-$9.0-9.2%11.3%10.3%
$60,000 to $80,000-$22.3-9.0%13.1%11.9%
$80,000 to $100,000-$23.5-8.5%15.4%14.1%
$100,000 to $150,000-$52.1-7.9%17.2%15.9%
$150,000 to $200,000-$46.7-8.0%19.8%18.2%
$200,000 to $500,000-$135.0-8.1%24.3%22.3%
$500,000 to $1,000,000-$64.3-10.2%29.9%26.8%
$1,000,000 and Above-$87.6-7.6%30.8%28.3%
Total, All Taxpayers-$447.8-8.2%20.8%19.1%
Calendar year 2031. Measured against the present law baseline.
Income categoryChange in federal taxes, billionsChange, percentAverage tax rate, present lawAverage tax rate, proposal
Less than $15,000$2.449.4%3.1%4.7%
$15,000 to $30,000$1.04.7%3.4%3.5%
$30,000 to $40,000-$3.6-7.6%6.7%6.2%
$40,000 to $50,000-$6.2-8.4%9.1%8.3%
$50,000 to $60,000-$9.5-9.0%11.3%10.3%
$60,000 to $80,000-$22.8-8.6%13.1%12.0%
$80,000 to $100,000-$24.5-8.1%15.5%14.2%
$100,000 to $150,000-$51.4-7.2%17.1%15.8%
$150,000 to $200,000-$43.3-6.9%19.7%18.3%
$200,000 to $500,000-$105.7-5.8%24.3%22.9%
$500,000 to $1,000,000-$57.1-8.5%29.9%27.3%
$1,000,000 and Above-$77.5-6.5%30.7%28.6%
Total, All Taxpayers-$398.1-6.8%20.7%19.3%
Calendar year 2033. Measured against the present law baseline.
Income categoryChange in federal taxes, billionsChange, percentAverage tax rate, present lawAverage tax rate, proposal
Less than $15,000$2.856.1%3.0%4.7%
$15,000 to $30,000$1.14.6%3.6%3.8%
$30,000 to $40,000-$4.2-8.1%6.8%6.3%
$40,000 to $50,000-$6.3-8.1%8.9%8.2%
$50,000 to $60,000-$10.0-8.9%11.1%10.1%
$60,000 to $80,000-$25.3-8.8%13.1%12.0%
$80,000 to $100,000-$26.9-8.1%15.5%14.2%
$100,000 to $150,000-$55.5-7.1%17.0%15.7%
$150,000 to $200,000-$46.5-6.8%19.6%18.2%
$200,000 to $500,000-$113.6-5.7%24.4%23.0%
$500,000 to $1,000,000-$57.3-7.9%30.0%27.6%
$1,000,000 and Above-$76.7-6.0%30.6%28.7%
Total, All Taxpayers-$418.2-6.6%20.7%19.3%
Show the same estimate measured against the current policy baseline (JCX-36-25)
Calendar year 2029. Measured against the current policy baseline.
Income categoryChange in federal taxes, billionsChange, percentAverage tax rate, present lawAverage tax rate, proposal
Less than $15,000$2.870.8%2.8%4.7%
$15,000 to $30,000$6.046.0%2.2%3.2%
$30,000 to $40,000$2.36.1%5.7%6.1%
$40,000 to $50,000$0.81.2%8.2%8.3%
$50,000 to $60,000-$0.9-1.0%10.4%10.3%
$60,000 to $80,000-$3.0-1.3%12.1%11.9%
$80,000 to $100,000-$3.7-1.4%14.3%14.1%
$100,000 to $150,000-$8.2-1.3%16.1%15.9%
$150,000 to $200,000-$9.2-1.7%18.5%18.2%
$200,000 to $500,000-$34.7-2.2%22.8%22.3%
$500,000 to $1,000,000-$9.0-1.6%27.2%26.8%
$1,000,000 and Above-$23.1-2.1%29.0%28.3%
Total, All Taxpayers-$79.9-1.6%19.4%19.1%
Calendar year 2031. Measured against the current policy baseline.
Income categoryChange in federal taxes, billionsChange, percentAverage tax rate, present lawAverage tax rate, proposal
Less than $15,000$3.384.3%2.5%4.7%
$15,000 to $30,000$7.045.0%2.4%3.5%
$30,000 to $40,000$2.56.2%5.8%6.2%
$40,000 to $50,000$0.91.3%8.2%8.3%
$50,000 to $60,000-$0.8-0.8%10.3%10.3%
$60,000 to $80,000-$2.1-0.9%12.1%12.0%
$80,000 to $100,000-$2.7-1.0%14.3%14.2%
$100,000 to $150,000-$4.3-0.6%15.9%15.8%
$150,000 to $200,000-$3.6-0.6%18.4%18.3%
$200,000 to $500,000$1.60.1%22.9%22.9%
$500,000 to $1,000,000-$0.9-0.1%27.3%27.3%
$1,000,000 and Above-$10.8-1.0%28.8%28.6%
Total, All Taxpayers-$9.9-0.2%19.3%19.3%
Calendar year 2033. Measured against the current policy baseline.
Income categoryChange in federal taxes, billionsChange, percentAverage tax rate, present lawAverage tax rate, proposal
Less than $15,000$3.898.7%2.4%4.7%
$15,000 to $30,000$7.643.0%2.6%3.8%
$30,000 to $40,000$2.35.1%6.0%6.3%
$40,000 to $50,000$1.01.5%8.1%8.2%
$50,000 to $60,000-$0.9-0.8%10.2%10.1%
$60,000 to $80,000-$3.0-1.1%12.1%12.0%
$80,000 to $100,000-$3.2-1.0%14.3%14.2%
$100,000 to $150,000-$5.1-0.7%15.9%15.7%
$150,000 to $200,000-$4.4-0.7%18.4%18.2%
$200,000 to $500,000$2.30.1%23.0%23.0%
$500,000 to $1,000,000$0.70.1%27.5%27.6%
$1,000,000 and Above-$7.6-0.6%28.8%28.7%
Total, All Taxpayers-$6.3-0.1%19.4%19.3%

Joint Committee on Taxation, JCX-36-25, July 29, 2025: Distribution of the estimated revenue effects relative to the current policy baseline of the tax provisions in Public Law 119-21. See its official page · Open our saved copy · Saved October 8, 2026 · Fingerprint 81b95a0a0d4c2968

Joint Committee on Taxation, JCX-35-25, July 1, 2025: Estimated revenue effects, relative to the present law baseline, of the tax provisions in Title VII of the bill as the Senate passed it (JCX-35-25). See its official page · Open our saved copy · Saved October 8, 2026 · Fingerprint b33299c3d829aa38

The table in this file is printed in a way a rule cannot read with certainty. Our copy is saved and linked. No number from it is shown.

Estimate: 2025 income tax with and without this law

Estimate

The change Public Law 119-21 makes to the standard deduction for tax year 2025. The 2025 tax rate tables are the same with and without the law.

Nothing typed here is stored or logged. With scripts on, this browser works out the estimate and sends nothing.

Standard deduction for tax year 2025
Filing statusUnder the lawWithout it
Married filing jointly, or surviving spouse$31,500$30,000
Head of household$23,625$22,500
Single$15,750$15,000
Married filing separately$15,750$15,000
Confirmed from the official record

Internal Revenue Service, Rev. Proc. 2024-40, November 4, 2024: Revenue Procedure 2024-40, Internal Revenue Bulletin 2024-45: tax rate tables and standard deduction for tax year 2025, as the law stood on October 22, 2024. See its official page · Open our saved copy · Saved October 8, 2026 · Fingerprint 3f72cb99cc257c41

Internal Revenue Service, Rev. Proc. 2025-32, November 3, 2025: Revenue Procedure 2025-32, Internal Revenue Bulletin 2025-45: changes to the 2025 items of Revenue Procedure 2024-40 made by Public Law 119-21. See its official page · Open our saved copy · Saved October 8, 2026 · Fingerprint cc4022d0c545db20

How the estimate is worked out, and what it leaves out
  • Taxable income = income before the standard deduction, minus the standard deduction (never below zero).
  • Income tax = the amount the 2025 tax rate table gives for that taxable income.
  • Difference = income tax under the law minus income tax without it.

The estimate leaves out:

  • the added deduction for people 65 and older or blind, and the law's new deduction for seniors
  • the law's new deductions for tips, overtime pay and car loan interest
  • the child tax credit and every other credit
  • itemized deductions, including the limit on the deduction for State and local taxes
  • capital gains and qualified dividends, which have their own rates
  • the alternative minimum tax, payroll taxes and State taxes
  • every change that starts in tax year 2026 or later

For taxable income under $100,000 the tax table of the Internal Revenue Service works in $50 steps, so the tax on a return can differ from this estimate by a few dollars.

Where this comes from

The provisions are read from our own saved copy of the law. The code beside it is its fingerprint, a short code that changes if the file’s contents change.

Read from: Public Law 119-21, official text · Saved October 5, 2026 · Fingerprint 84000b07c382db50

How we read a law for this section
  • A provision is one sentence of the law that says a part of a tax law "is amended" or "is repealed". The words are quoted from our saved copy of the law. Words inside text the law inserts into another law are not read as provisions.
  • A sentence counts when it names the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or title 26 of the United States Code; when it says "such Code" and the last Code named in that section of the law is the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; when the law says that its amendments are to be read as amendments to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the sentence names no other law; or when the sentence names no law at all and the amending sentence before it, in the same section of the law, amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
  • A sentence that amends the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States or the Tariff Act of 1930 is listed under "Tariffs and customs duties".
  • The tax type comes from the number of the Code section the sentence names. Sections 1 to 5, 21 to 26, 32, 35, 36, 36B, 62, 63, 67, 68, 151 to 153 and 211 to 224 apply to individuals: "Individual income tax". Sections 11, 12, 59A, 241 to 250, 301 to 385, 531 to 565 and 1501 to 1564 apply to corporations: "Corporate income tax". Every other section from 1 to 1400Z and 1411 to 1564 is "Income tax, individuals and businesses". Sections 1401 to 1403 and 3101 to 3512: "Payroll taxes". Sections 2001 to 2801: "Estate and gift taxes". Sections 4001 to 5891: "Excise taxes". Every other section, such as the rules on returns, penalties and trust funds: "Other tax law".
  • A sentence that names a chapter or subtitle of the Code and no section is sorted by that chapter or subtitle. A sentence that adds a new section is sorted by the new section's number.
  • "Old and new" is shown only where the law says both: "striking X and inserting Y". Other dollar amounts and percentages in the sentence are listed as printed.
  • A change to a table of contents or a change headed "Conforming" or "Clerical" is listed apart.
  • A law reads "This law changes no tax" only when our saved copy reaches the end of the law, no sentence above is found, the text does not name the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the Internal Revenue Service, the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, a tariff, a duty or a named tax, and the margin of the official print cites title 26 of the United States Code nowhere.
  • Nothing here says how much tax anyone pays. That takes figures the law's text does not state.
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