DETERRENT Act
Sponsored by Michael Baumgartner RRepublican, introduced . Policy area, as Congress files it: Education.
Status is read from the official actions by their Library of Congress codes: Became Public Law (36000) or a law number on the bill reads "Became law"; Vetoed (31000) reads "Vetoed"; Presented to President (28000) reads "Sent to the President"; passed or agreed to in the House (8000) and in the Senate (17000) reads "Passed both chambers"; one of them alone reads "Passed the House" or "Passed the Senate" ("Agreed to" for a resolution); reported to the House (5000) or the Senate (14000) reads "Reported by committee"; anything else reads "Introduced".
Source: Congress.gov data service (Library of Congress). Text versions: our copies of govinfo.gov’s files. Our copy was saved October 15, 2026.
Cosponsors
21 cosponsors.
| Member | Joined |
|---|---|
| Mark B. Messmer RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor | |
| Burgess Owens RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor | |
| Rick W. Allen RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor | |
| Kevin Kiley RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor | |
| Tim Walberg RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor | |
| Joe Wilson RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor | |
| Michael A. Rulli RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor | |
| Virginia Foxx RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor | |
| Glenn Grothman RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor | |
| Robert F. Onder, Jr. RRepublican | |
| Claudia Tenney RRepublican | |
| Glenn Thompson RRepublican | |
| Randy K. Weber, Sr. RRepublican | |
| Andy Barr RRepublican | |
| Erin Houchin RRepublican | |
| Aaron Bean RRepublican | |
| Donald G. Davis DDemocrat | |
| Brad Finstad RRepublican | |
| Marie Gluesenkamp Perez DDemocrat | |
| John James RRepublican | |
| John R. Moolenaar RRepublican |
Text
| Version | Date | Our copy |
|---|---|---|
| Referred in Senate | Not checked yetThe official file | |
| Engrossed in House | Not checked yetThe official file | |
| Reported in House | Not checked yetThe official file | |
| Introduced in House | Not checked yetThe official file |
Actions
- Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
- Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
- On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 241 - 169 (Roll no. 83).
- Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 241 - 169 (Roll no. 83).
- The House adopted the amendments en gros as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.
- The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
- The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 1048.
- The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.
- Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H1312-1316)
- Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 1048 as unfinished business.
- On motion that the committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.
- Mr. Walberg moved that the committee rise.
- POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
- DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6.
- POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
- DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5.
- POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Self amendment No. 4, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
- DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Self amendment No. 4.
- POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
- DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3.
- DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 2.
- DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 1.
- GENERAL DEBATE - The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 1048.
- The Speaker designated the Honorable Pat Harrigan to act as Chairman of the Committee.
- House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 242 and Rule XVIII.
- Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.
- Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 242. (consideration: CR H1241-1260)
- Rule H. Res. 242 passed House.
- Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 242 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.
- Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 9.
- Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Workforce. H. Rept. 119-16.
- Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Workforce. H. Rept. 119-16.
- Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 20 - 14.
- Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
- Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.
- Introduced in House
- Introduced in House
Committees
- Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee (Senate)Referred To, March 31, 2025
- Education and Workforce Committee (House)Reported By, March 14, 2025; Markup By, February 12, 2025; Referred To, February 6, 2025
Hearings
We hold hearing records only for bills that became law.
Who lobbied on this bill
Confirmed from the official record26 lobbying reports name H.R. 1048, for 26 clients.
| Client | Registrant | Amount for the whole quarter | Lobbyists named for this issue | Filed | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NATIONAL ASSN OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES | NATIONAL ASSN OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIESSecond quarter of 2026 | $125,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE | ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUESecond quarter of 2026 | $320,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| COUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT AND SUPPORT OF EDUCATION | COUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT AND SUPPORT OF EDUCATIONSecond quarter of 2026 | $40,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA | UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIASecond quarter of 2026 | $840,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| RUTGERS THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY | RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEYSecond quarter of 2026 | $80,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| FOUNDATION FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND EXPRESSION (FIRE) | FOUNDATION FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND EXPRESSION (FIRE)Second quarter of 2026 | $15,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| CORNELL UNIVERSITY | CORNELL UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026 | $360,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| J STREET | J STREETSecond quarter of 2026 | $170,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| NEW YORK UNIVERSITY | NEW YORK UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026 | $180,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION | REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITIONSecond quarter of 2026 | $100,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES | ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIESSecond quarter of 2026 | $114,662reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA | UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIASecond quarter of 2026 | $70,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATION | AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATIONSecond quarter of 2026 | $37,531reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY | VANDERBILT UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026 | $210,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| FDD ACTION | FDD ACTIONSecond quarter of 2026 | $240,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| HARVARD UNIVERSITY--PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE | HARVARD UNIVERSITY--PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGESecond quarter of 2026 | $210,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| PRINCETON UNIVERSITY | PRINCETON UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026 | $150,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN | UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGANSecond quarter of 2026 | $150,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY | CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, INC.Second quarter of 2026 | $60,000reported as income |
| Open the report | |
| ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES | ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGESSecond quarter of 2026 | $821,438reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| YALE UNIVERSITY | YALE UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026 | $240,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL U.S. (A PROJECT OF THE FUND FOR CONSTITUTIONAL GOVT) | TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL U.S. (A PROJECT OF THE FUND FOR CONSTITUTIONAL GOVT)Second quarter of 2026 | $40,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| BOSTON UNIVERSITY | BOSTON UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026 | $50,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| COLLEGE OF WILLIAM & MARY | COLLEGE OF WILLIAM & MARYSecond quarter of 2026 | $20,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA BOARD OF TRUSTEES | THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA BOARD OF TRUSTEESSecond quarter of 2026 | $160,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report | |
| UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND | UNIVERSITY OF MARYLANDSecond quarter of 2026 | $27,000reported as expenses |
| Open the report |
A lobbying report states the registrant's income from the client (a lobbying firm) or its own lobbying expenses (an organization lobbying for itself), for the whole quarter and every issue together, as the filer printed it. A report under $5,000 states no figure. It is not the amount spent on one bill.
Reports read: 1 of 1 quarters read in full (2026-Q2). With no registered key the service allows 15 requests a minute, so this covers the latest quarter only. With a key it covers four.
Senate Office of Public Records cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from LDA.gov.
All saved lobbying reports that name H.R. 1048
Contributions from these lobbyists and firms to the sponsor and cosponsors
No contribution report we hold ties a lobbyist or firm on these reports to the sponsor or a cosponsor.
Contribution reports are read for 1 of the 22 sponsors and cosponsors so far.
Lobbyists and registrants report their political contributions twice a year (form LD-203). A contribution is listed here when the report was filed by a lobbyist named on this bill's lobbying reports or by a registrant that filed one of them, and its payee is the member's own committee as the FEC lists it, under the exact-name rule. The contribution's date is as reported and can fall before or after the lobbying.