Bills · 119th Congress · H.R. 1048

DETERRENT Act

Passed the HouseConfirmed from the official record

Sponsored by Michael Baumgartner RRepublican, introduced . Policy area, as Congress files it: Education.

Status is read from the official actions by their Library of Congress codes: Became Public Law (36000) or a law number on the bill reads "Became law"; Vetoed (31000) reads "Vetoed"; Presented to President (28000) reads "Sent to the President"; passed or agreed to in the House (8000) and in the Senate (17000) reads "Passed both chambers"; one of them alone reads "Passed the House" or "Passed the Senate" ("Agreed to" for a resolution); reported to the House (5000) or the Senate (14000) reads "Reported by committee"; anything else reads "Introduced".

Source: Congress.gov data service (Library of Congress). Text versions: our copies of govinfo.gov’s files. Our copy was saved October 15, 2026.

Every bill introduced

Cosponsors

21 cosponsors.

Cosponsors
MemberJoined
Mark B. Messmer RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor
Burgess Owens RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor
Rick W. Allen RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor
Kevin Kiley RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor
Tim Walberg RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor
Joe Wilson RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor
Michael A. Rulli RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor
Virginia Foxx RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor
Glenn Grothman RRepublicanOriginal cosponsor
Robert F. Onder, Jr. RRepublican
Claudia Tenney RRepublican
Glenn Thompson RRepublican
Randy K. Weber, Sr. RRepublican
Andy Barr RRepublican
Erin Houchin RRepublican
Aaron Bean RRepublican
Donald G. Davis DDemocrat
Brad Finstad RRepublican
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez DDemocrat
John James RRepublican
John R. Moolenaar RRepublican

Text

Versions of the text
VersionDateOur copy
Referred in SenateNot checked yetThe official file
Engrossed in HouseNot checked yetThe official file
Reported in HouseNot checked yetThe official file
Introduced in HouseNot checked yetThe official file

Actions

  1. Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
  2. Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  3. On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 241 - 169 (Roll no. 83).
  4. Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 241 - 169 (Roll no. 83).
  5. The House adopted the amendments en gros as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.
  6. The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
  7. The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 1048.
  8. The House resolved into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for further consideration.
  9. Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H1312-1316)
  10. Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union rises leaving H.R. 1048 as unfinished business.
  11. On motion that the committee rise Agreed to by voice vote.
  12. Mr. Walberg moved that the committee rise.
  13. POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  14. DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 6.
  15. POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Tlaib demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  16. DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Tlaib amendment No. 5.
  17. POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Self amendment No. 4, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  18. DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Self amendment No. 4.
  19. POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3, the Chair put the question on agreeing to the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Mr. Scott (VA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
  20. DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Scott (VA) amendment No. 3.
  21. DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 2.
  22. DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 242, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Ogles amendment No. 1.
  23. GENERAL DEBATE - The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 1048.
  24. The Speaker designated the Honorable Pat Harrigan to act as Chairman of the Committee.
  25. House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 242 and Rule XVIII.
  26. Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.
  27. Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 242. (consideration: CR H1241-1260)
  28. Rule H. Res. 242 passed House.
  29. Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 242 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24, H.J. Res. 75 and H.R. 1048. The resolution provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 24 and H.J. Res. 75 under a closed rule, and provides for consideration of H.R. 1048 under a structured rule. Also, the resolution provides for one hour of general debate and one motion to recommit on each measure.
  30. Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 9.
  31. Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Workforce. H. Rept. 119-16.
  32. Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Education and Workforce. H. Rept. 119-16.
  33. Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 20 - 14.
  34. Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
  35. Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.
  36. Introduced in House
  37. Introduced in House

Committees

  • Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee (Senate)Referred To, March 31, 2025
  • Education and Workforce Committee (House)Reported By, March 14, 2025; Markup By, February 12, 2025; Referred To, February 6, 2025

Hearings

We hold hearing records only for bills that became law.

Who lobbied on this bill

Confirmed from the official record

26 lobbying reports name H.R. 1048, for 26 clients.

Lobbying reports that name H.R. 1048
ClientRegistrantAmount for the whole quarterLobbyists named for this issueFiledReport
NATIONAL ASSN OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIESNATIONAL ASSN OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIESSecond quarter of 2026$125,000reported as expenses
  • STEPHANIE T GIESECKEFormer position, as reported: Dir., Budget & Appropriations
  • KARIN L JOHNSFormer position, as reported: Dir., Tax Policy
  • JODY FEDERFormer position, as reported: Dir., Accountability & Regulatory Affairs
  • JUSTIN MONKFormer position, as reported: Director of Student and Institutional Aid Policy
  • TIMOTHY W POWERSFormer position, as reported: VP, Government Relations and Policy Development
Open the report
ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUEANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUESecond quarter of 2026$320,000reported as expenses
  • LAUREN WOLMAN
  • GABRIELLA LIEBERMAN
Open the report
COUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT AND SUPPORT OF EDUCATIONCOUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT AND SUPPORT OF EDUCATIONSecond quarter of 2026$40,000reported as expenses
  • BRIAN FLAHAVEN
Open the report
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIASecond quarter of 2026$840,000reported as expenses
  • CHRISTOPHER R HARRINGTON
  • CARL HAMPUS WELLIVER
  • BRENT PALMER
  • PHILLIP HARMAN
Open the report
RUTGERS THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEYRUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEYSecond quarter of 2026$80,000reported as expenses
  • IAN GRUBMAN
  • SAMANTHA BOOTH
Open the report
FOUNDATION FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND EXPRESSION (FIRE)FOUNDATION FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND EXPRESSION (FIRE)Second quarter of 2026$15,000reported as expenses
  • TYLER COWARD
  • JOHN COLEMAN
  • GREG GONZALEZ
Open the report
CORNELL UNIVERSITYCORNELL UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026$360,000reported as expenses
  • DIANNE L MILLERFormer position, as reported: Legislative Director & Counsel
  • DAMIEN SHARP
  • DANIEL PRESTON PARKERFormer position, as reported: Senior Investigator and Education Policy Advisor
  • ALESSIA DANIELE LEAL
Open the report
J STREETJ STREETSecond quarter of 2026$170,000reported as expenses
  • KATHERINE DESCAMP-RENNER
  • HANNAH FAJER
  • BRADLEY FREERICKS
  • LILLIAN ADELSTEINFormer position, as reported: Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC), Legislative Correspondent
  • MICHAEL FARRELL-ROSEN
Open the report
NEW YORK UNIVERSITYNEW YORK UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026$180,000reported as expenses
  • STEVEN HEUERFormer position, as reported: Associate Vice President, Government Affairs
  • KATHARINE BURD NASIELSKIFormer position, as reported: Director, Federal Affairs
Open the report
REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITIONREPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITIONSecond quarter of 2026$100,000reported as expenses
  • NOAH SILVERMAN
  • ARIE DANAFormer position, as reported: Chief of Staff, Rep. Michelle Steel
Open the report
ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIESASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIESSecond quarter of 2026$114,662reported as expenses
  • TOBIN LEE SMITH
Open the report
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIAUNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIASecond quarter of 2026$70,000reported as expenses
  • JULIA A. SMITH
Open the report
AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATIONAMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUCATIONSecond quarter of 2026$37,531reported as expenses
  • EMMANUAL AN'TWAIN GUILLORY
  • JONATHAN FANSMITH
  • SARAH SPREITZER
  • LINDSEY TEPE
  • STEPHEN LAMB
Open the report
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITYVANDERBILT UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026$210,000reported as expenses
  • CHRISTINA WESTFormer position, as reported: Associate V/C, Vanderbilt University Federal Relations
  • HEATHER BLOEMHARDFormer position, as reported: Director, Vanderbilt University Federal Relations
Open the report
FDD ACTIONFDD ACTIONSecond quarter of 2026$240,000reported as expenses
  • TYLER STAPLETON
  • MATTHEW REID WITTE ZWEIG
  • ALEXANDRIA PAOLOZZI MOORE
  • ZACHARY JUTCOVICH
  • DANIEL VAYNSHTEYN
Open the report
HARVARD UNIVERSITY--PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGEHARVARD UNIVERSITY--PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGESecond quarter of 2026$210,000reported as expenses
  • SUZANNE DAY
  • PETER DEYOE
  • KARA HAAS
Open the report
PRINCETON UNIVERSITYPRINCETON UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026$150,000reported as expenses
  • JULIE M GROENINGER
  • DAVID BAGBY
Open the report
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGANUNIVERSITY OF MICHIGANSecond quarter of 2026$150,000reported as expenses
  • NEIL CANFIELD
  • ZACHARY WEBER
Open the report
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITYCORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, INC.Second quarter of 2026$60,000reported as income
  • CARLOS MIQUEL JACKSONFormer position, as reported: Legislative Assistant; House Member Office (Rep. Gwen Moore), Executive Assistant, Special Projects Coordinator, House Member Office (Kleczka)
  • TONY ESSALIHFormer position, as reported: COS, LD, LA House Member Office (Culberson), LA House Member Office (Archer), SA House Member Office (Hastings), Intern House Member Office (Bliley)
Open the report
ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGESASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGESSecond quarter of 2026$821,438reported as expenses
  • DANIELLE TURNIPSEED jd
  • TANNAZ RASOULI
  • LEONARD MARQUEZ
  • ALLYSON RAE PERLEONI
  • ANDREA PRICE-CARTER
  • DEVAN MICHAEL O'TOOLE
  • SINEAD NIAMH HUNT
  • EMILY PREST
Open the report
YALE UNIVERSITYYALE UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026$240,000reported as expenses
  • RICHARD JACOB
  • SARAH SHAPIRO
Open the report
TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL U.S. (A PROJECT OF THE FUND FOR CONSTITUTIONAL GOVT)TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL U.S. (A PROJECT OF THE FUND FOR CONSTITUTIONAL GOVT)Second quarter of 2026$40,000reported as expenses
  • SCOTT GREYTAK
  • GARY KALMAN
Open the report
BOSTON UNIVERSITYBOSTON UNIVERSITYSecond quarter of 2026$50,000reported as expenses
  • JESSICA WONGFormer position, as reported: Legislative Aide, Office of Senator Elizabeth Warren
  • JENNIFER GRODSKY
Open the report
COLLEGE OF WILLIAM & MARYCOLLEGE OF WILLIAM & MARYSecond quarter of 2026$20,000reported as expenses
  • JULIA JESTER
Open the report
THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA BOARD OF TRUSTEESTHE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA BOARD OF TRUSTEESSecond quarter of 2026$160,000reported as expenses
  • SARAH AVELLAR MATHIAS
  • ALEX MARTIN KRIGSTEIN
Open the report
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLANDUNIVERSITY OF MARYLANDSecond quarter of 2026$27,000reported as expenses
  • VIRGINIA N. MEEHAN
Open the report

A lobbying report states the registrant's income from the client (a lobbying firm) or its own lobbying expenses (an organization lobbying for itself), for the whole quarter and every issue together, as the filer printed it. A report under $5,000 states no figure. It is not the amount spent on one bill.

Reports read: 1 of 1 quarters read in full (2026-Q2). With no registered key the service allows 15 requests a minute, so this covers the latest quarter only. With a key it covers four.

Senate Office of Public Records cannot vouch for the data or analyses derived from these data after the data have been retrieved from LDA.gov.

All saved lobbying reports that name H.R. 1048

Contributions from these lobbyists and firms to the sponsor and cosponsors

No contribution report we hold ties a lobbyist or firm on these reports to the sponsor or a cosponsor.

Contribution reports are read for 1 of the 22 sponsors and cosponsors so far.

Lobbyists and registrants report their political contributions twice a year (form LD-203). A contribution is listed here when the report was filed by a lobbyist named on this bill's lobbying reports or by a registrant that filed one of them, and its payee is the member's own committee as the FEC lists it, under the exact-name rule. The contribution's date is as reported and can fall before or after the lobbying.

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